Geography
(A) Physical Geography (General Principals)
- Origin & evolution of earth, inteerior of earth, Wagner's Continental Drift Theory, Plate tectonics, Volcanoes, Earthquakes & Tsunamis
- Major types of rocks & their characteristics, evolution & characteristics of landforms in the Glacial, Arid & Karst regions
- Geomorphic processes; weathering, mass erosion & deposition, soil formation, landscape cycles, ideas of Davis & Penck
- Composition, structure & stratification of the atmosphere
- Insolation, heat budget of the earth
- Horizontal & vertical distribution of temperature, inversion of temperature
- Air masses & fronts, tropical & temperate cyclones
- Evaporation & condensation; dew, frost, fog, mist & cloud, rainfall types
- Classification of climates (Koppen & Throntwaite), Greenhouse effect, global warming & e, climatic changes
- Hydrological cycle, distribution of temperature & solicits in the ocean & seas, waves, tides & currents, ocean floor relief features
(B) Physical & Human Geography of India
- Structure, relief & physiographic divisions, Drainage systems: Himalayan & the Peninsular
- Indian monsoon mechanism, onset & retreat, climatic types (Koppen & Trewartha), Gree revolution & its impact on major crops in India, Food scarcity
- Natural vegetation-Forest types & distribution, wild life conservation, biosphere reserves
- Major types of Soils (ICAR classification) & their distribution, Soil degradation & conservation
- Natural Hazards: Floods, Droughts, Cyclones, Landslides
- Population growth, distribution & density
- Age, sex ratio, rural-urban composition
- Population, environment & development
- Types of settlements: Rural & Urban, Urban morphology, functional classification of urban settlements, problems of human settlement in India
(C) Natural Resources of India: Development & Utilization
- Land Resources: General land use, agricultural land use, geographical condition & distribution of major crops, like rice, wheat, cotton, jute, sugarcane, rubber, tea & coffee
- Water Resources: Availability & utilization for industrial & other purposes, irrigation, scarcity of water, methods of conservation; rain water harvesting & watershed management, ground water management
- Minerals & Energy Resources: Distribution & utility of (a) Metallic minerals (iron ore, bauxite, manganese), (b) non-metallic & conventional minerals (coal, petroleum & natural gas), (c) Hydro electricity & non conventional sources of energy (Solar, Wind, Bio gas), (d) Energy sources, their distribution & conservation
- Development of Industries: Types of industries; factors of industrial location, distribution & changing pattern of selected industries (iron & steel, cotton textile, sugar & petro-chemicals), Weber's theory of industrial location-its relevance in the modern world
- Transport, Communication & International Trade: (a) Roads, Railways & Waterways (b) Bases of international trade, changing pattern of India's foreign trade
(D) Geography of Jharkhand & Utilization of its Resources:
- Geological history, landforms, drainage, climate, soil types & forests; agriculture & irrigation, Damodar & Suvarnrekha Valley projects, mineral resources of Jharkhand, their extraction & utilization
- Population: Growth, distribution, density, tribal population & their distribution, problems of tribes & tribal development plans, their customs, rituals, festivals etc.
- Industrial & urban development, major industries-iron, steel & cement, cottage industries
- Pattern of urban settlement & pollution problems